About Hudson Bay, facts and maps

Hudson Bay is the summer home of up to 50,000 beluga whales! Each July and August an estimated 50,000 beluga whales migrate south into river estuaries…

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About East China Sea, facts and maps

East China Sea, Chinese (Wade-Giles) Tung Hai or (Pinyin) Dong Hai, arm of the Pacific Ocean bordering the East Asian mainland and extending northeastward from the…

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About Norwegian Sea, facts and maps

Norway, Iceland, and Denmark/Faroe Islands share the territorial waters of the Norwegian Sea, with the largest part belonging to the first. The Greenland, Iceland, and Norwegian…

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About Barents Sea, facts and maps

The Barents Sea is very important for the Norwegian fishing industry, since it is both a valuable growing-up area for several important species of fish and…

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About Gulf of Alaska, facts and maps

The Gulf of Alaska is situated in the northern part of the North Pacific Ocean and bounded on the West by the coast of Alaska Peninsula, and…

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About Gulf of Mexico, facts and maps

The Gulf of Mexico is the largest gulf in the world. The Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean bordered by five…

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About Sea of Okhotsk, facts and maps

The Sea of Okhotsk is one of the world’s richest in biological resources, with various kinds of fish, shellfish and crabs. The harsh conditions of crab…

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About Bering Sea, facts and maps

Only 47 nautical miles wide at its narrowest point, the Strait itself lies within the territorial seas of the Russian Federation and the United States. The…

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About Bay of Bengal, facts and maps

The Bay of Bengal is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and northwest by India, on the north by Bangladesh,…

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About Tasman Sea, facts and maps

The sea was named for the Dutch navigator Abel Tasman, who navigated it in 1642. Its New Zealand and Australian shorelines were explored in the…

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About Gulf of Guinea, facts and maps

The Gulf of Guinea Regional Office, based in Abidjan, covers eight countries in the region: Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Togo. The…

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About Caribbean Sea, facts and maps

Caribbean Sea, Arm of the Atlantic Ocean. It covers about 1,063,000 sq mi (2,753,000 sq km) and washes the northern coast of South America, eastern Central…

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About Weddell Sea, facts and maps

Scientists have declared the waters of the Weddell Sea to be the clearest water of any sea on Earth. The clarity of the water is on…

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About South China Sea, facts and maps

Territorially, there are seven claimants to the South China Sea: China, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam. Territorial disputes in the South China Sea…

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About Sargasso Sea, facts and maps

The Sargasso Sea is a part of the North Atlantic Ocean located near the eastern shores of the United States of America and bounded to the west…

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About Arabian Sea, facts and maps

The Arabian Sea’s surface area is about 3,862,000 square kilometers (1,491,130 square miles). The maximum width of the sea is approximately 2,400 kilometers (1,490 miles).…

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About American Mediterranean Sea, facts and maps

The American Mediterranean is considered one of the oceanic marginal seas. In addition to numerous small islands, large and small groups of islands, and islets,…

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About Coral Sea, facts and map

Where is the Coral Sea?The Coral Sea is the body of water east of the Great Barrier Reef, bounded by Papua New Guinea to the north,…

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About Philippine Sea, facts and maps

Where is the Philippine Sea? western North Pacific Ocean Philippine Sea, section of the western North Pacific Ocean, lying east and north of the Philippines. The…

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The world’s 9 largest seas map and facts

The world’s 9 largest seas Largest seas by area 10 Largest Oceans and Seas on Earth Historically, there are four named oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian,…

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Europe’s Best & Worst Countries for a Swim map

Europe’s Best & Worst Countries for a Swim United States swimmers have won the title 51 times, followed by Australia (13 times) and East Germany…

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Year of independence of North African countries with map

Year of independence of North African countries During the 1950s and 1960s, and into the 1970s, all of the North African states gained independence from…

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Annual sunshine hours of the world map

Annual sunshine hours Places in the world with the most daylight hours Dongola in Sudan has 3,814 hours of sunshine per year Dongola enjoys 3,813.8…

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Countries Have never been invaded by Great Britain

The full list of countries that have not been invaded is as follows: Andorra, Belarus, Bolivia, Burundi, Central African Republic, Chad, Republic of Congo, Guatemala,…

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Earthquake hazard map showing peak ground accelerations

Earthquake hazard map showing peak ground accelerations Peak ground acceleration (PGA) is equal to the maximum ground acceleration that occurred during earthquake shaking at a location.…

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Extension of Coastal State Jurisdiction in Enclosed and Semi-enclosed Seas, download eBook pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount IMLI Studies in International Maritime LawSeries…

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Joint Development of Hydrocarbon Deposits in the Law of the Sea, download eBook pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Hamburg Studies on Maritime AffairsVolume 30Edited…

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Coastline Changes of the Baltic Sea from South to East Past and Future Projection, download eBook pdf

The aim of this book series is to disseminate information to the coastal research
community. The Series covers all aspects of coastal research including but not
limited to relevant aspects of geological sciences, biology (incl. ecology and coastal
marine ecosystems), geomorphology (physical geography), climate, littoral oceanography,
coastal hydraulics, environmental (resource) management, engineering,
and remote sensing. Policy, coastal law, and relevant issues such as conflict
resolution and risk management would also be covered by the Series. The scope
of the Series is broad and with a unique cross-disciplinary nature. The Series would
tend to focus on topics that are of current interest and which carry some import as
opposed to traditional titles that are esoteric and non-controversial. Monographs as
well as contributed volumes are welcomed.

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Black’s Law Dictionary, Ninth Edition, download eBook pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Black’s Law Dictionary®Ninth EditionBryan A. GarnerEditor…

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Cases & Materials on International Law, download eBook pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount OUTLINE CONTENTS1 The Nature of the…

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EQUITABLE PRINCIPLES OF MARITIME BOUNDARY DELIMITATION, The Quest for Distributive Justice in International Law, download eBook pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount EQUITABLE PRINCI P LES OF MARITIME…

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Definitions for the Law of the Sea, download eBook pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Definitions for the Law of the…

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WORLD BOUNDARIES SERIES, download eBook pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount WORLD BOUNDARIES SERIESEdited by Gerald H.BlakeDirector…

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Global Challenges and the Law of the Sea, download pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Marta Chantal Ribeiro •Fernando Loureiro Bastos…

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Islamic Law of the Sea, Freedom of Navigation and Passage Rights in Islamic Thought, download pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Islamic Law of the SeaThe doctrine…

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ENERGY KINGDOMS, Oil and Political Survival in the Persian Gulf, download pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Acknowledgments ixIntroduction 1 please mail to…

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The Persian Gulf in History, download pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount The Persian Gulf in HistoryEdited byLawrence…

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Cases and Materials on the Law of the Sea, Second Edition, download pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Cases and Materialson the Law of…

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The Rules of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea: A Commentary, download eBook in pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount The Rules of theInternational Tribunalfor the…

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Predictability and Flexibility in the Law of Maritime Delimitation, Yoshifumi Tanaka, eBook download in pdf

The principal aim of this book is the quest for a well-balanced legal system
that reconciles predictability and flexibility in the law of maritime
delimitation. As with all types of law, the law of maritime delimitation
should possess a degree of predictability. On the other hand, as maritime
delimitation cases differ, flexible considerations of geographical and
non-geographical factors is also required in order to achieve equitable
results. How, then, is it possible to ensure predictability while taking into
account a diversity of factors in order to achieve an equitable result? This,
according to the author, is the question at the heart of the law of maritime
delimitation. The book addresses this issue in depth by looking at three
aspects of the question: first by looking at the two opposing and contrasting
approaches evident in the evolution of the law of maritime
delimitation; second, by undertaking a comparative study of the case law
and State practice; and third, by examining the theoretical problems
underlying the law of maritime delimitation.

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MARITIME DELIMITATION eBook download in pdf

please mail to us (info(@)iilss.net) or send your request in contact page for buying this book with 50% discount Maritime DelimitationEDITED BYRAINER LAGONIANDDANIEL VIGNESMARTINUS NIJHOFF…

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The International Law of the Sea by Yoshifumi Tanaka (pdf+download)

Y O S H I F U M I T A N A K A is Professor of International Law with Specific Focus on the Law of
the Sea at the Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen. He is the single author of five
books: Predictability and Flexibility in the Law of Maritime Delimitation (2006; 2nd edition,
2019), A Dual Approach to Ocean Governance (2008), The International Law of the Sea
(2012; 2nd edition, 2015), The Peaceful Settlement of International Disputes (Cambridge
University Press, 2018) and The South China Sea Arbitration (2019). He has published
widely in the fields of the law of the sea, international environmental law and peaceful
settlement of international disputes.

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Color of oceans

Most of the ocean is blue in color, but in some places the ocean is blue-green, green, or even yellow to brown. Blue ocean color is a result of several factors. First, water preferentially absorbs red light, which means that blue light remains and is reflected back out of the water. Red light is most easily absorbed and thus does not reach great depths, usually to less than 50 meters (164 ft.). Blue light, in comparison, can penetrate up to 200 meters (656 ft.). Second, water molecules and very tiny particles in ocean water preferentially scatter blue light more than light of other colors. Blue light scattering by water and tiny particles happens even in the very clearest ocean water, and is similar to blue light scattering in the sky.

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depth of oceans

The average depth of the oceans is about 4 km. More precisely the average depth is 3,688 meters (12,100 ft). Nearly half of the world’s marine waters are over 3,000 meters (9,800 ft) deep.[19] “Deep ocean,” which is anything below 200 meters (660 ft.), covers about 66% of Earth’s surface. This figure does not include seas not connected to the World Ocean, such as the Caspian Sea.

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Ocean ridges and ocean basins

Every ocean basin has a mid-ocean ridge, which creates a long mountain range beneath the ocean. Together they form the global mid-oceanic ridge system that features the longest mountain range in the world. The longest continuous mountain range is 65,000 km (40,000 mi). This underwater mountain range is several times longer than the longest continental mountain range—the Andes.

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Natural history of oceans

Over vast periods of time, our primitive ocean formed. Water remained a gas until the Earth cooled below 212 degrees Fahrenheit . At this time, about 3.8 billion years ago, the water condensed into rain which filled the basins that we now know as our world ocean. 1521: Ferdinand Magellan tried to measure the depth of the Pacific Ocean with a weighted line, but did not find the bottom. 1818: The British researcher Sir John Ross was the first to find that the deep sea is inhabited by life when catching jellyfish and worms in about 2,000 m (6,562 ft) depth with a special device.

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Ocean and sea

The terms “the ocean” or “the sea” used without specification refer to the interconnected body of salt water covering the majority of the Earth’s surface. It includes the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern and Arctic Oceans. As a general term, “the ocean” and “the sea” are often interchangeable, although speakers of British English refer to “the sea” in all cases, even when the body of water is one of the oceans.

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what is the meaning of Charter- party in maritime law and shipping law?

Documents containing all the terms and conditions of the contract betweena shipowner and a charterer. Charter- parties, or charters as they are oftenreferred to, fall…

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Charter- party bills of lading, waybills and cargo
receipts

A variety of documents arise from the chartering of a ship, commencing with
the document containing the contract itself, the charter- party. The type
of charter- party and its content depend on whether it is a time charter or
voyage charter and the type of commodity to be carried

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receipts